Hospitals in Nigeria could face jail terms and heavy fines for refusing patients who need urgent medical attention. The Senate is considering a bill that seeks to make emergency treatment compulsory across public and private health facilities.
Under the proposed law, hospitals that fail to meet emergency care standards could face six months in prison. They could also pay a ₦300,000 fine or face both penalties.
The bill is sponsored by Senator Abdulaziz Yar’Adua. It seeks to amend the National Health Act, 2014, and improve emergency healthcare delivery across the country. The proposed legislation sets strict timelines for treating patients brought in during medical emergencies. Hospitals would be expected to assess emergency cases within 15 minutes of arrival.
They would also have to begin initial treatment within 30 minutes. Where another facility is needed, referrals must be completed within three hours.
The bill further requires hospitals to begin life-saving procedures immediately when patients show signs of life-threatening conditions. These procedures include CPR, airway support and efforts to stop severe bleeding. Basic emergency care would also cover oxygen support, intravenous fluids and pain relief. Hospitals must also carry out early medical checks to guide treatment decisions.
The proposal also addresses the shortage of admission beds in healthcare facilities. Hospitals would be required to provide beds within two hours, depending on availability.
Where no bed is available, medical workers must first stabilise the patient. They must then arrange a referral within two hours or when the patient is fit for transfer. The bill also sets a deadline for emergency transportation. Ambulances or other suitable transport must be arranged within 30 minutes after a referral decision.
Beyond hospital response times, the proposal seeks better training for healthcare workers. It directs the Medical and Dental Council of Nigeria and the Nursing and Midwifery Council of Nigeria to develop a national emergency care curriculum.
Relevant medical workers would also need to complete training and certification at least once every 18 months. If passed, the emergency treatment bill could introduce stricter rules for hospitals handling urgent cases.
