France is taking a bold step that could reshape its relationship with Africa and its colonial past. A new bill aimed at returning looted cultural items is now moving closer to becoming law.
The proposed law, which has already been approved by the Senate, is awaiting final backing from the National Assembly.
Moreover, this development signals a shift in how France is addressing long-standing demands from African nations.
However, the new legislation would allow multiple artefacts to be repatriated more quickly. Items taken between 1815 and 1972 are expected to be covered under the law.
President Emmanuel Macron has long pushed for this change. During a 2017 visit to Burkina Faso, he made a strong promise about France’s future role.
Macron stated that France would “never again interfere in its former colonies”. He also pledged to support the return of African cultural heritage.
Furthermore, thousands of artefacts taken during colonial expansion are still held in French museums.
Countries such as Algeria, Mali, and Benin have increased pressure in recent years. They argue that these items are important parts of their history and identity.
In addition, there has been some progress. In 2025, France approved the return of a traditional “talking drum” taken in 1916.
The France Unbowed party believes the law should go further. They argue that more artefacts should be included in the restitution process.
On the other hand, the National Rally party has taken a stricter position. It insists that returns should only be made to countries with good relations with France.
Moreover, political instability in some West African countries has added another layer of complexity. Military governments in former French colonies have raised concerns over diplomatic ties.
France has already taken similar steps in recent years. In 2023, laws were introduced to return artworks taken from Jewish families during World War II.
Human remains held in public collections were also approved for repatriation. These earlier actions set the stage for the current bill.
