Dementia is rapidly becoming one of Africa’s most pressing health crises, underscoring the need for urgent interventions to address the continent’s disproportionately high incidence of modifiable risk factors. According to the 2017 Lancet Commission on dementia prevention, intervention, and care – a renowned global authority on dementia research – there are 14 key risk factors that can be managed to reduce the risk of developing dementia.
In Africa, dementia affects millions of people, causing significant emotional, social, and economic burdens on families and communities. The impact is projected to worsen due to aging populations and lifestyle changes. To combat this growing crisis, it’s essential to understand and address the underlying risk factors.
Below are the 14 modifiable risk factors for dementia, as identified by the Lancet Commission: 
- Less than 12 years of education
- Hypertension (high blood pressure) in mid-life
- Obesity in mid-life
- Smoking
- Diabetes
- Physical inactivity
- Depression
- Social isolation
- Hearing loss
- Traumatic brain injury
- Air pollution
- Low social contact
- Low cognitive stimulation
- Alcohol consumption (excessive)
These risk factors can be modified or managed through lifestyle changes, medical interventions, or public health initiatives, potentially reducing the risk of developing dementia. By addressing these factors, individuals, families, and communities can take proactive steps toward preventing or delaying dementia onset.
To mitigate Africa’s dementia crisis, governments, healthcare systems, and individuals must work together to:
- Promote education and cognitive stimulation
- Encourage physical activity and healthy lifestyles
- Improve access to healthcare and screening services
- Support research and awareness initiatives
Together, we can tackle the growing threat of dementia in Africa and create a healthier, more supportive future for all.
